The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought profound transformations to education systems worldwide. Nursing, as a profession that requires continuous learning and up-to-date clinical competence, faces both new challenges and opportunities in the AI era. The paper draws upon adult learning theory to analyse how AI-driven learning environments affect nurses’ lifelong learning. This study analyzes the key factors influencing lifelong learning among nursing professionals in the context of AI: the convenience of intelligent applications, the diversity of learning places, the personalization of learning content, the interactivity of the learning process, and the effectiveness of learning evaluation. Finally, the study concludes with the presentation of a series of practical recommendations for nursing educators, hospitals, and policymakers, with a view to enhancing the integration of AI technology into continuing nursing education.